Liquid fuel engine



LIQUID FUEL ENGINE Filed July 16, 1930 41 2 0 rz 1e y ,amamofsmmm,

, dis osed source of electricity.

c'cording to the present invention, the v orifice for the passage of the. gases between Q the vaporization and ignition chamber and the cylinder is designed in a special manner,

and the vaporizationlchamber is provided v I H internally with a metallic protuberance of T, which are intended tov aspirate the air I a v remainingin the cylinder, under thesame- Patented Oct. 1 ,1932

" 3 m,; FRANCE LIQUID rUEL'nNGiNE Application filed July 16,: 93o, Serial No. 468,415, and in France J'uIy 27, 1929 i The present invention relates to internal combustion engines and particularly to those 7 in which the fuel, priorto being transformed into an explosive mixtureibyaddition,of air,

3 is vaporized and heatedin a special vaporization chamber, in the" shape ot a bulb,

mounted on the cylinder, the interior of said bulb communicating, with the interior of the cylinder through anorifice.

.-. The engines according to the present inven-v tion are provided with the vaporization chambers already described in my co-pending application Serial No. 320,176, filed November 17, 1928. These chambers comprise ajspherical portion described about a focal point, a a

spring mounted :valve of short stroke without external control being disposed in axial alignment with the orifice communicating with the cylinder, and that portion of the internalsurface of the chamber which, is adjacent to said valve beingtangential to the said The movement of this valve is not controlled-by cams or other medrawing, and the description relating thereto, which represents an embodimentpwhich is spherical portion.

chanical elements but is controlled {by the differences between the atmospheric 'pres-- sure and the pressure inside the chambe m The fuel is admitted and accumulates inthe' space behind saidvalve, and is injected, in p the form of oblique jets, into thechamber when the valve opens under the influence of the vacuum produced by the suction stroke of the engine piston. As is-shown inthe dr wn ing,rthe' valve and iadjacent portionof the vaporization chamber are disposed symmet rically with reference to the axis joining the inlet and outlet of the vaporization chamber; The valve may be normally retained on its 'seatby'a spring.

In my aforesaid application, I have also 1 r provided, in the focal point of the chamber, a heatingplug member which. heats-the fuel r vao'our and'is itself heated by an externally such a kindjthat:

l 1 During the compression stage,-the air coming from the 7 cylinder aspirates thefuel which has remained liquid and collected, in the bulb, in the vicinity of the communication .orifice and at the same time, causes active agitation of the gases. in the interior of the bulb and a jet of flame due to a preliminary gcombustiomsaid jet being directed on to] the metallic protuberance and keeping it at ignition temperature, even when the engine 2. Towards the close'of thisstage, and in consequence of the increase of pressure in the bulb, following this commencement of 'combustio n the gaseous'mass-contained in ,the bulb is projected into the interior of the cylinder and aspirates the air of the cylinder l laterally in relation to the jetof ignited ga thus allowing agitation and good combustion, prior to or'concurrently withthe ex-. pansion. I r

:The invention will bemore clearly understood with reference ,to-the accompanying given by way of example and is not, to be considered as restrictive.

In the drawing, the vaporization andEi-gni- 'tion chamber 13 is mounted in any convenient manner, on the cylinder H, At the. side on which I it is securedjt o the cylinder, the

vaporization chamber comprises a double Venturi tube or cone V, which opens, atV on the one hand,.intothe interior of the bulb, and at .V on the other hand, into the interior of the cylinder. Thetwo cones are vdisposed with their apices facing one another,

and areprovided witha common orifice 1 whichfforms the communicating passage be:

tween the bulb B andthe cylinder The cone or, Venturi tube V, inside, a the bulb,,is surrounded byan annular, space Sand is provided, in the zone ofmaximum depression, with. apertures T openingtowards the base of the cone. I v-The cone V, situate dinside the cylinder H',is also provided witha series of openings r conditions as in ordinary blowpipes or Bunsen burners.

At the top of the chamber B, and in the part most remote from the cone V, is a bafiie A, formed bya mass of metal (preferably unoxidizable), which may be of any suitable shape.

The fuel is admitted through the pipe G,

the mouth of which is controlled by a valve,

or equivalent member S. This valve has a short stroke, that is its displacements are very small, and it directs obliquelyalong the walls of the chamber the streamlets of liquid fuel entering the chamber.

The method of operating is as follows:

Vhen the engine is not running under high compression, the vaporization chamber is preheated in the manner usual for semi- Diesel engines. V I

V The fuel is admitted through the pipe G and valve S. It is sprayed in streamlets and runs along the walls of the vaporization chamber B until it reaches the cup C. The fuel may also be introduced direct into C by a small injector mounted on the side of the with ' the hotchamber.

A preliminary combustion or preliminary flame is thus produced in the interior-of the chamber B, which flame directly heats the metallic mass A while a very active agitation is effected, in the interior of the bulb, in consequence of the eddies set up as previously stated. I

This process keeps the mass A hot, even when the engine is running at very low speed, and consequently, ignition is assured, even when the engine is slowing down,

When as the result of the'combustion, the

pressure in the chamber increases, theentire mass of gas is projected into'the interior of the cylinder, through the Venturi cones,'the combustion being completed by the air which hasremained in the cylinder and is aspirated by means of the openings T in the cone V,

in conformity with the well known phenomenon in blowpipes and Bunsen burners.

The cone projecting into the chamber serves to guide the flame along the aXis of i the chamber towardthe fuel valveand also to accelerate the flame, while the fuel in entering avoids the flame and passes along the walls of the vaporization chamber, is collected in the cup C below, 'andis picked up by the eddies caused by the entrance of the flame adjacent to the cup," which contributes constructed, etc.

to the rapid atomization and vaporization of the fuel.

It will be understood that the invention can be embodied in numerous ways, in addition to that given simply by way of example, in respect of the details of'shape and ar rangement of the members, their design, the nature of the materials of which they are The devices which it comprises, especially, the Venturi cones and the massive protuberance in the interior of the ,bulb may be employed separately or in combination.

' What I claim and desire'to secure by Letters Patent is A 1. In an internal combustion engine, a vaporization chamber mounted on the engine cylinder, a spring mounted valve of short stroke actuated by fuel pressure, aligned with the axis of said chamber and opening towards the interior thereof, one portion of the interior surface of said chamber being substantially spherical, and another portion of said surface adjacent to said valve being tangential to the said substantially spherical portion of said surface, two coaxial Venturi tubes in the form of truncated cones with their small bases superposed and opening r'espectively into said cylinder and into said chamber, said tube opening into the Venturi chamber being positioned substantially opposite said valve and extending a substantial distance within said chamber, and an annular cup member formed by the side and hottom walls of said vaporization chamber and bythe outer surface of the Venturi tube 6X tending into said ch'amber,-the Venturi tube extending into said chamber being obliquely laterally apertured in a line intersecting the base ofthe cone constituting said Venturi tube, V 1

2. In an internal combustion engine, a vaporization chamber mounted on the engine cylinder, a spring mounted valve of short stroke actuated by fuel pressure aligned with the axis of said chamber and opening towards the interior thereof, one portion of the nterior surface of said chamber being substantially spherical,- and another portionof said surface adjacent to said valve being tangential to the said substantially spherical portion of said surface, two coaxial Venturi tubes in the form of truncated cones with their small bases superposed, opening respectively into said cylinder and into said chamber, the Venturi tube opening into said chamber being positioned substantially opposite said valve and extending a substantial distance within said chamber, andan annular. cup member formed by the side and bottom walls of said vaporization chamber and by the outer sur face of the Venturi tube extending into said chamber, the Venturi tubeeXtending into said chamber being obliquely laterally apertured in a line intersecting the base of the into said chamber and forming With the Walls thereof an annular trough for receiving cone constituting said Venturi tube, and the Venturi tube extending into said cylinder'being laterally apertured. c p

3. In an internal combustion engine, a

. gasification chamber mounted upon'the cy1-" inder of the engine, injection means forinjecting combustible fluid into said chambenf said cylinder and chamber being interconnected by a passage in the-form of two Venturi tubes united by their small bases and hav ing the frusto conical portions thereof dis posed on an axis coincident/with the axisof sald 1n ect1on means, one of said frusto comcal portions extending a substantial distance combustible fluid, and canals forming intercommunicating passages between said trough and the interior of said Venturi tubes.

' ALBERTO BAGNULO. 

